See fri in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "fri"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: fri\nIrish: ré, re (“against, towards, with”)\n⇒ Irish: fa ré, fara, frae (“along with, beside”)\nManx: rish\nScottish Gaelic: ri",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: fri\nIrish: ré, re (“against, towards, with”)\n⇒ Irish: fa ré, fara, frae (“along with, beside”)\nManx: rish\nScottish Gaelic: ri"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wert-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*writ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *writ-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wrth"
},
"expansion": "Welsh wrth",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wert-",
"4": "",
"5": "to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "versus",
"3": "",
"4": "against"
},
"expansion": "Latin versus (“against”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *writ- (compare Welsh wrth, prefix gwrth-), from the zero grade of Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”) (compare Latin versus (“against”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "g",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "frimm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frium",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "friumm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frimsa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "friumsa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frit",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fritt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "friut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "friutt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fritso",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fritsu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fris",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "friss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frissom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"emphatic",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frissium",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"emphatic",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frie",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frinn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frinni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"emphatic",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frinnai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"emphatic",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fribsi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"emphatic",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "friu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "friusom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"emphatic",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "preposition",
"3": "takes accusative"
},
"expansion": "fri (takes accusative)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 11 9 25 19 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"towards, to"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-fri-sga-prep-wqsNSxQL",
"links": [
[
"towards",
"towards"
],
[
"to",
"to"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 11 9 25 19 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"against"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-fri-sga-prep-pxjj6a76",
"links": [
[
"against",
"against"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"with"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-fri-sga-prep-BpW1Y6ze",
"links": [
[
"with",
"with"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 11 9 25 19 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"about to"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-fri-sga-prep-lqUsNBnl",
"links": [
[
"about to",
"about to"
]
],
"qualifier": "governing a verbal noun",
"raw_glosses": [
"(governing a verbal noun) about to"
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 11 9 25 19 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"from (with scaraid (“to separate”) and its compounds and synonyms)"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-fri-sga-prep-9xTCzNxx",
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"scaraid",
"scaraid#Old_Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 0 0 14 2 0 0 0 9 2 1 9 2 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 3 17 0 1 0 3 1 10 10 8 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 20 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 0 0 14 1 0 0 0 9 1 1 9 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 4 19 0 0 0 2 0 12 11 10 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 9 8 22 16 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish accusative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Accusative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 0 0 8 19 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 11 9 25 19 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"with respect to, with regard to, in regard to"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-fri-sga-prep-E1xs8dB1",
"links": [
[
"with respect to",
"with respect to"
],
[
"with regard to",
"with regard to"
],
[
"in regard to",
"in regard to"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɸʲrʲi]"
}
],
"word": "fri"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish accusative prepositions",
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish prepositions",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wert-",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Pages with 20 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "fri"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: fri\nIrish: ré, re (“against, towards, with”)\n⇒ Irish: fa ré, fara, frae (“along with, beside”)\nManx: rish\nScottish Gaelic: ri",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: fri\nIrish: ré, re (“against, towards, with”)\n⇒ Irish: fa ré, fara, frae (“along with, beside”)\nManx: rish\nScottish Gaelic: ri"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wert-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*writ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *writ-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wrth"
},
"expansion": "Welsh wrth",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wert-",
"4": "",
"5": "to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "versus",
"3": "",
"4": "against"
},
"expansion": "Latin versus (“against”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *writ- (compare Welsh wrth, prefix gwrth-), from the zero grade of Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”) (compare Latin versus (“against”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "g",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "frimm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frium",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "friumm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frimsa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "friumsa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frit",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fritt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "friut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "friutt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fritso",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fritsu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fris",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "friss",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frissom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"emphatic",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frissium",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"emphatic",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frie",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frinn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frinni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"emphatic",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frinnai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"emphatic",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fribsi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"emphatic",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "friu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "friusom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"emphatic",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "preposition",
"3": "takes accusative"
},
"expansion": "fri (takes accusative)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"towards, to"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"towards",
"towards"
],
[
"to",
"to"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"against"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"against",
"against"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"with"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"with",
"with"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"about to"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"about to",
"about to"
]
],
"qualifier": "governing a verbal noun",
"raw_glosses": [
"(governing a verbal noun) about to"
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"from (with scaraid (“to separate”) and its compounds and synonyms)"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"scaraid",
"scaraid#Old_Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"with respect to, with regard to, in regard to"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"with respect to",
"with respect to"
],
[
"with regard to",
"with regard to"
],
[
"in regard to",
"in regard to"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɸʲrʲi]"
}
],
"word": "fri"
}
Download raw JSONL data for fri meaning in Old Irish (5.1kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1713/20221215",
"msg": "later head without list of senses,template node #, fri/Old Irish",
"path": [
"fri"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "fri",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"fri"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "fri",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Person:'",
"path": [
"fri"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "fri",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'third m or n'",
"path": [
"fri"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "fri",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'third m or n'",
"path": [
"fri"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "fri",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'third f'",
"path": [
"fri"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "fri",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'third f'",
"path": [
"fri"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "fri",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.